Senses and repercussions of student assistance on the eating practices of students from a Brazilian public university during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Student assistance (SA), regulated through the National Student Assistance Program (PNAES), seeks to meet the basic social needs of university students and is inserted in the field of public policies for higher education in federal institutions in Brazil. The program allocates financial resources in order to provide scholarships, housing, food, transport, physical and mental health, and accessibility for disabled students. The present study aims to identify the senses attributed by students of a federal public university to AE and the relationship between SA and their eating practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative approach was used. Online questionnaire and focus groups were employed for data collection. The study public consisted of undergraduate students. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used, opting for thematic analysis, with the support of the MAXQDA software. The core meanings were organized into two categories: (i) food during pandemic and (ii) role of student assistance. A total of 55 responses were obtained, and three focus groups were carried out. About 45% reported that the pecuniary aid offered by the university was the family's only source of income during the pandemic and 65% used it to buy food. More than half described worsening in food quality, related to food prices. Although no specific evaluation instrument was used, it is plausible to admit that the students experienced a situation of food insecurity, given the uncertainty in regular access to food, the compromised quality of food, and the strategies mobilized to guarantee a minimum amount of food for all members of the family. Among the reported strategies were changing the location and mode of acquisition (receiving donations, buying in groups or in wholesalers) and choosing cheaper genres. Although students consider SA essential for access and maintenance at the university, a sense assigned to SA was the role of "help." In general, students did not link SA to social rights, as part of public educational policy and as a mechanism for food and nutrition security. SA actions developed during the pandemic were essential for keeping students at the university, also functioning, albeit unintentionally, as a food and nutritional security mechanism.

Age-based entitlement: An ageist practice or a tool for combatting ageism?

Researchers in gerontology have addressed the way age-based arrangements may communicate stereotypical and devaluing images of older people, thereby linking high age to frailty and dependence. The present article considers proposed reforms to the Swedish eldercare system designed to guarantee people over 85 the right to move into a nursing home regardless of their needs. The purpose of the article is to investigate older people's views on age-based entitlement in light of this proposal. What might the consequences of implementing the proposal be? Does it communicate devaluing images? Do the respondents consider it a case of ageism? The data consists of 11 peer group interviews with 34 older individuals. Bradshaw's taxonomy of needs was used to code and analyze data. Four positions on the proposed guarantee were identified: care should be arranged (1) according to needs, not age; (2) according to age as a proxy for needs; (3) according to age, as a right; and (4) according to age, to combat "fourth ageism", meaning ageism directed towards frail older persons, i.e. persons in the fourth age. The notion that such a guarantee might constitute ageism was dismissed as irrelevant, while difficulties in getting access to care were presented as the real discrimination. It is theorized that some forms of ageism posited as theoretically relevant may not be experienced as such by older people themselves.

From industrial to digital citizenship: rethinking social rights in cyberspace.

Growing social inequalities represent a major concern associated with the Digital Revolution. The article tackles this issue by exploring how welfare regulations and redistribution policies can be rethought in the age of digital capitalism. It focuses on the history and enduring crisis of social citizenship rights in their connection with technological changes, in order to draw a comparison between the industrial and the digital scenario. The first section addresses the link between the Industrial Revolution and the genesis of social rights. It describes the latter as a legal 'machine' designed to offset the imbalances produced by the technological movement of industrialization. The second and third sections introduce the notion of 'industrial citizenship' to describe the architecture of social rights in mature industrial societies and to contend that European systems of welfare are still largely modeled on an industrial standard. The fourth part investigates the impact of the Digital Revolution on this model of social citizenship. It identifies debates on basic income as a major trajectory for redesigning welfare regulations in a post-industrial era, and the digital user as a crucial emerging subject of rights. The final part explores how digital users could be entitled to social rights as data suppliers. To this end, it introduces the idea of 'digital-social rights' resulting from the incorporation of welfare and redistribution principles into emerging digital rights. Hence, it proposes a legal-political framework for the redistribution of the revenues generated by data in the form of a 'digital basic income' for citizens of cyberspace.

Realising economic and social rights for children with communication and swallowing disability: Sustainable Development Goals 1, 8 and 10.

PURPOSE: This commentary describes the economic disempowerment of children with communication and/or swallowing disability and outlines why attending to their economic and social needs is essential for the realisation of the United Nations' Agenda 2030. RESULT: Children with communication and/or swallowing disability encounter intersectional disempowerment on account of both their disability, and their status as children. In particular, they experience unique barriers to the realisation of their economic and social rights. This presents a number of challenges to the realisation of Agenda 2030, and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Drawing on the broader disability rights and child rights literature, we outline these issues, and describe four empowering solutions, within the scope of this special issue commentary. CONCLUSION: We describe that speech-language pathologists must interpret the discussion of these issues as a call to action for our profession. This commentary focusses on the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals of, No Poverty (SDG 1), Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8), and Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10), and also addresses the goals of Zero Hunger (SDG 2), Good Health and Well-Being (SDG 3), Quality Education (SDG 4), Gender Equality (SDG 5) and Partnerships for the Goals (SDG 17).

Formação do salário mínimo e os mínimos sociais necessários: sobre os direitos sociais e os impactos no 'Brasil de Bolsonaro' / Formation of the minimum wage and the necessary social minimums: on social rights and the impacts in 'Bolsonaro's Brazil'

Vislumbramos contribuir para o debate sobre os mínimos sociais e necessidades humanas no Brasil atual, onde o primeiro decreto do governo Bolsonaro resolveu sobre o Salário Mínimo. Fundamenta este artigo a Teoria Marxista da Dependência com a categoria superexploração, bem como as categorias mínimos sociais e necessidades humanas. O acirramento da precarização da vida e do trabalho, aliada a retirada de direitos, conformam um contexto que faz ampliar as expressões da questão social. Nesse interim, fica a reflexão sobre a atuação profissional, a fim de conjugar forças e resistências para o enfrentamento ao avanço do capital sobre as vidas humanas e da natureza

We aim to contribute to the debate on social minimums and human needs in present-day Brazil, where the initial decree of the Bolsonaro government addressed the Minimum Wage. This article is grounded in the Marxist Theory of Dependence, utilizing the concept of superexploitation, along with the categories of social minimums and human needs. The exacerbation of life and labor precarity, coupled with the erosion of rights, shapes a context that further magnifies the expressions of the social question. In the midst of this, there lies a reflection on professional engagement, with the goal of uniting forces and resistance to confront the encroachment of capital upon human lives and nature

International community of practice: learning from experiences of community development and social occupational therapy / Comunidade internacional de práticas: aprendendo com experiências de desenvolvimento comunitário e de terapia ocupacional social

Abstract Introduction Increasingly, occupational therapists and scientists across the globe are calling for a shift away from individualised western medical approaches, to working with communities and collectives, and in the social field. This signals the growing motivation to engage in socially responsive and transformative practices that address political structures and oppressive colonial systems. Objective The purpose of our Community of Practice (CoP) was to explore and describe the epistemologies, vocabularies, and understandings that underpin community development and social occupational therapy within diverse global contexts to advance theoretical perspectives and practices. Method As a CoP of occupational therapy and science scholars situated in four countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, and South Africa), we met virtually bi-monthly from March 2020 to January 2023. Scholarly work involved critical narrative literature reviews, reflexive presentations, group dialogues, and individual and collective reflections and analyses. Results Individual narratives, four thematic threads, and a selection of vocabularies and epistemologies are presented. The thematic threads were: Connecting and making space for decolonial praxis, Questioning the disconnect between occupational therapy practice and contexts, Examining vocabularies that shape contextually relevant practice, and Engaging a reflexive stance to work towards equity, justice and social rights. Conclusions Generating knowledge that supports ways of knowing, being and doing reflective of multiple languages, sciences, and contexts will strengthen occupational therapy. Maintaining the pluriversal and resisting 'one size fits all' approaches to human occupation/everyday life is essential. This paper offers practitioners a catalyst for initiating decolonising praxis for learning across global contexts.

Resumo Introdução De modo crescente, terapeutas ocupacionais mundialmente estão discutindo mudanças das abordagens médicas ocidentais individualizadas para o trabalho com comunidades, coletivos e no campo social. Isto sinaliza uma motivação crescente para se engajar em práticas socialmente responsivas e transformadoras que abordem estruturas políticas e sistemas coloniais opressores. Objetivo Explorar e descrever epistemologias, vocabulários e entendimentos que sustentam a teoria de desenvolvimento de comunidades e da terapia ocupacional social, em diversos contextos globais para avançar em perspectivas teóricas e práticas. Método A partir de uma Comunidade de Prática de terapeutas ocupacionais e acadêmicos situados em quatro países (Austrália, Brasil, Canadá e África do Sul), nos reunimos virtualmente bimestralmente de março de 2020 até janeiro de 2023. Nosso trabalho envolveu revisões narrativas críticas da literatura, apresentações reflexivas, diálogos em grupo e reflexões e análises individuais e coletivas. Resultados Foram escolhidos quatro fios temáticos e uma seleção de vocabulários e epistemologias: Conectando e abrindo espaço para a práxis decolonial, Questionando a desconexão entre a prática da terapia ocupacional e os contextos, Examinando vocabulários que moldam a prática contextualmente relevante e Engajando uma postura reflexiva para trabalhar em direção à equidade, justiça e direitos sociais. Conclusões A geração de conhecimento reflexivo que sustente formas de saber, ser e fazer requer múltiplas linguagens, ciências e contextos que fortalecem a terapia ocupacional. É essencial manter a pluriversalidade e resistir a abordagens únicas para trabalhar com a ocupação humana/vida cotidiana. Este artigo oferece um catalisador para iniciar uma práxis descolonizadora de aprendizado em contextos globais.

Bringing It All Together: Leveraging Social Movements and the Courts to Advance Substantive Human Rights and Climate Justice.

Although significant literature and jurisprudence has amassed on rights-based climate litigation over recent years, less research and case law has emerged on poverty-related court cases and the fulfilment of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR) in Canada. Fewer still are studies exploring the interlinkages between these areas of inquiry. The purpose of this paper is to explore, using Canada as a case study, rights-based developments in climate litigation cases and how these could impact the innovative advancement of ESCR (e.g. to food, housing and water). Typically, issues of justiciability and standing emerge, impeding the realization of such rights. Given the grave threats we now face, climate cases and social movements must be brought together to better hold state actors accountable for their rights obligations. We implore the legal community to explore ways to traverse juridical obstacles to realize the interdependencies of human rights and protect the planet from calamitous climate change.

Desigualdades e direitos sociais no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19: solidariedade internacional como referencial bioético

Objetivo/Contexto. Este artigo tem como objetivo discorrer acerca dos impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre os direitos sociais - direito à saúde, direito ao trabalho, direito à educação e direito à alimentação adequada. Metodologia/Abordagem. O enfoque metodológico que sustenta esta pesquisa é teórico, cujo escopo consiste em desenvolver aportes teóricos e aplicá-los a determinado objeto. Resultados/Descobertas. O artigo apresenta uma contribuição teórica ao debate sobre as repercussões na esfera da desigualdade social, e propor a solidariedade internacional como um referencial bioético universal para fundamentar medidas globais de enfrentamento a tais impactos. Discussão/Contribuições/Conclusões. Conclui-se que o referencial da solidariedade internacional confere aporte teórico e ferramenta discursiva e normativa com vistas ao fortalecimento dos esforços globais para enfrentar os efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19.

Propósito/Contexto. Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir los impactos de la pandemia por COVID-19 en los derechos sociales: el derecho a la salud, al trabajo, a la educación y a una alimentación adecuada. Metodología/Enfoque. El enfoque metodológico que sustenta la elaboración de este artículo es teórico, cuyo alcance es desarrollar aportes también teóricos y aplicarlos a un objeto particular Resultados/Hallazgos. El artículo hace una contribución teórica al debate en lo que respecta a las repercusiones en el ámbito de la desigualdad social y propone la solidaridad internacional como un marco bioético universal para apoyar medidas globales y abordar tales impactos. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Se concluye que el marco de solidaridad internacional brinda sustento teórico y una herramienta discursiva y normativa con miras a fortalecer los esfuerzos globales para enfrentar los efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19.

Purpose/Context. This article aims to discuss the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on social rights - the right to health, the right to work, the right to education and the right to adequate food. Methodology/Approach. The methodological theoretical that supports this article is theoretical research, whose scope is to develop theoretical contribu-tions and apply them to a particular object. Results/Findings. It makes a theoretical contribution to the debate on the re-garding the repercussions in the sphere of social inequality and propose the international solidarity as a universal bioethical framework to support global measures to address such impacts. Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. It is concluded that the international solidarity framework provides theoretical support and a discursive and norma-tive tool with a view to strengthening global efforts to face the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Right at Home: Living with Dementia and Multimorbidities.

Dementia is recognised as the biggest health crisis of our time in terms of high personal and social costs and wider impact on health and social care systems. Increases in people living with dementia and multimorbidities presents critical challenges for homecare worldwide. Healthcare systems struggle to provide adequate home-care services, delivering limited care restricted to a single-condition focus. This study explored the experiences and expectations of homecare from the multiple perspectives of people living with dementia and multimorbidities and homecare workers providing support. Findings draw from qualititative semi-structured interviews with people with dementia (n=2), their partners (n=2), other partners or family carers (n=6) and homecare workers (n=26). Three themes are idenfiifed: (a) the preference for and value of home; (b) inadequate homecare provision and enhanced care-burden; (c) limited training and education. Despite continued calls for homecare investment, the focus on reduction in costs hides key questions and further dialogue required exploring how people with dementia can be supported to live independendently and flourish at-home. This study considers these complex experiences and care requirements through the prism of disability and human rights frameworks. This paper concludes with consideration of more recent human social rights debate. We critically dicuss what this may mean for people living with dementia and consider the implications for corequisite policy development to optimise available homecare support.

Active Ageing in Italy: A Systematic Review of National and Regional Policies.

Active ageing is defined as the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age. The design of active ageing policies intersects with different overarching societal challenges, especially ageing populations, social rights and sustainability. However, there are no previous attempts to review active ageing policies in the light of these challenges and the international policy objectives and targets that are guiding the international community. The aim of this study is to systematically identify, review and analyse all national and regional policies on active ageing adopted in Italy, by applying a conceptual framework derived from main international policy initiatives in the three areas. The research was conducted in two stages. First, a case study analysis was carried out per each relevant national institution and regional government. Standardised interviews were combined with policy document search, selection and analysis. Second, we performed a policy analysis in the light of a conceptual framework adopted. This latter was composed by nine policy domains, selected and integrated from principles and objectives of three overarching international frameworks on ageing-i.e., the Regional Implementation Strategy (RIS) commitments of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA), social rights-i.e., the European Pillar of Social Rights and sustainability-i.e., the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. Results pointed out that out of the identified nine policy fields, the major intervention areas by Italian policy makers concerned labour market participation, life-long learning, social and economic inequalities, health and well-being. Less attention had been given to issues such as gender and equal opportunities and sustainable cities. This systematic policy review is a milestone for understanding how active ageing policies contribute to address major societal challenges and what domains need further policy development.

"Warring" Ideals: Black Citizenship and the Struggle for Inclusion in the USA.

This paper critiques black citizenship in America. Using the "warring ideals" of W.E.B DuBois, it posits that African American citizenship is a complex interplay between the universality of citizenship, i.e., the ideals of the western liberal tradition, and the lived realities of citizenship. Highlighting the paradox of race, the article underscores that black citizenship has never been a guarantee in American society. "Warring ideals" encompass a struggle between aspirational ideals of what American citizenship is supposed to be and what it actually is-especially for those who are marginalized. Lived realities of citizenship often mean coming to terms with daily encounters with racism and structural discrimination which affirm and reaffirm citizenship boundaries. The manuscript also evaluates how watershed movements such as the civil rights, black power, and Black Lives Matter movements have attempted to reconcile the ideals and the realities of American citizenship.

O compromisso social da psicologia e a possibilidade de uma profissão abrangente / The social commitment of psychology and the possibility of a comprehensive profession / El compromiso social de la psicología y la posibilidad de una profesión amplia

As origens da Psicologia brasileira se relacionam ao projeto de modernização do país, com que ela contribuiu por meio de uma concepção universal de sujeito e de processos de classificação e categorização, pouco atentos às necessidades da realidade social. No processo de redemocratização do país, condições históricas possibilitaram uma ruptura com essa perspectiva, operada pelo Projeto do Compromisso Social. Este texto apresenta uma reflexão sobre o caminho de construção dessa ruptura e de um projeto ético-político comprometido com a realidade brasileira. Analisa o percurso impulsionado na virada do século XX para o século XXI por meio da atuação de entidades da profissão, notadamente os Conselhos de Psicologia, em articulação com importantes mudanças na atuação das psicólogas. Tal percurso permitiu uma revisão crítica da Psicologia, sendo apresentado em cinco eixos: produção de sujeitos democráticos e defesa da democracia; construção de resistência à alienação e combate ao pensamento colonizado; perspectiva de serviços profissionais comprometidos com a garantia de direitos; aprimoramento da qualidade da prática profissional das psicólogas; e expansão das fronteiras da psicologia. Em cada um, são apresentadas ações, estratégias e projetos que levaram à ampliação e ao reconhecimento social da Psicologia, organizada, democrática, ousada e acessivelmente à maioria da população. Ao mesmo tempo, apresenta desafios para a continuidade desse projeto na realidade atual, apostando que, com 60 anos de regulamentação, a Psicologia é capaz de enfrentar novas questões que se colocam no país por meio da atuação das profissionais que levam adiante o projeto de compromisso social.(AU)

Psychology in Brazil is born alongside the country's modernization project, to which the science contributed by establishing a universal conceptualization of the individual and classification and categorization processes, hardly attentive to social reality. The historical conditions set forth by the country's re-democratization allowed a breaking from this perspective, operated by the Social Commitment Project. This paper reflects on the paths that led to this transformation and the ensuing ethical-political project committed to Brazil's reality. It analyzes the trajectory started in the turn of 20th to the 21st century, led by professional entities, namely the Psychology Councils, along with important changes in the psychologist's work. Such trajectory allowed for a critical review of Psychology in five axes: 1) production of democratic individuals and the defense of democracy; 2) construction of resistance against alienation and the fight against a colonized thought; 3) perspectives of professional services committed to ensuring rights; 4) enhanced quality of the psychologist's professional practice; 5) the broadening of the scope of psychology. For each axis, the text presents actions, strategies, and projects that led to the organized and democratic growth and social acknowledgment of Psychology, becoming accessible to most of the population. But it also points out the challenges for this project's current continuity, believing that with 60 years of regulation, Psychology is capable of facing new issues arising in the country by means of professionals who carry on the social commitment project.(AU)

Los orígenes de la Psicología brasileña están relacionados con el proyecto de modernización del país al que contribuyó a través de una concepción universal del sujeto y de procesos de clasificación y categorización poco atentos a las necesidades de la realidad social. En el proceso de redemocratización del país, las condiciones históricas permitieron romper con esta perspectiva, operada por el Proyecto de Compromiso Social. Este texto presenta una reflexión sobre el camino de construcción de esa ruptura y de un proyecto ético-político comprometido con la realidad brasileña. Se analiza la ruta promovida en la transición del siglo XX al siglo XXI, por medio de la acción de entidades de la profesión, en particular los Consejos de Psicología, en articulación con cambios importantes en la actuación de las psicólogas. Este camino permitió una revisión crítica de la Psicología y se presenta en cinco ejes: producción de sujetos democráticos y defensa de la democracia; construcción de resistencia a la alienación y combate al pensamiento colonizado; perspectiva de servicios profesionales comprometidos con la garantía de derechos; mejora de la calidad de la práctica profesional de las psicólogas; y ampliación de las fronteras de la psicología. El texto plantea desafíos para la continuidad de este proyecto en la realidad actual, apostando que con 60 años de regulación la Psicología esté en condiciones de hacer frente a las nuevas cuestiones que se presentan en el país gracias al trabajo de las profesionales que llevan adelante el proyecto de compromiso social.(AU)

Licenças maternidade e paternidade no Brasil: direitos e desigualdades sociais / Maternity and paternity leave in Brazil: rights and social inequalities / Licencias maternales y paternales en Brasil: derechos y desigualdades sociales

Este artigo objetiva examinar as desigualdades sociais existentes no acesso às licenças maternidade e paternidade, com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua anual de 2017, realizada pelo IBGE. Com esse intuito, foram estudadas as percentagens de contribuição à previdência social - condição necessária para a obtenção das licenças - para a população ocupada de 16 a 49 anos segundo as variáveis tipo de ocupação e de vínculo, sexo, cor/raça, renda, nível de instrução e idade. Os resultados indicam que o acesso às políticas de licença no país é impactado por uma estratificação social múltipla, revelando desigualdades de gênero, classe, raça e idade. Os achados da pesquisa permitem refletir sobre a relação entre essas desigualdades e o próprio desenho de tais políticas no Brasil. Devido à sua natureza contributiva, as licenças maternidade e paternidade expressam continuidades de uma "cidadania regulada", em vez de se tornarem um direito universal dos cidadãos.

This article aims to examine the existing social inequalities in access to maternity and paternity leave, based on data from the Annual National Continuous Household Sampling Survey of 2017, conducted by IBGE. For this purpose, the percentages of contribution to social security, a necessary condition for obtaining licenses, were studied in relation to the following variables: type of occupation and employment link, gender, color or race, income, educational level and age, for the employed population aged 16 - 49. Results indicated that access to leave policies in the country is impacted by multiple social stratification, revealing gender, class, race and age inequalities. Research findings allow us to reflect on the relationship between these inequalities and the design of such policies in Brazil. Due to their contributory nature, maternity and paternity leaves express continuities of a "regulated citizenship", instead of becoming a universal right of citizens.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar las desigualdades sociales frente al acceso a las políticas de licencias maternales y paternales, a partir de datos de la Encuesta Nacional por Muestra de Hogares Continua Anual de 2017, realizada por el IBGE. Para ello, se estudiaron los porcentajes de cotización a la seguridad social, condición necesaria para la obtención de licencias, en relación con las siguientes variables: tipo de ocupación y empleo, sexo, etnia-raza, renta, nivel educativo y edad, para la población ocupada de 16 a 49 años. Los resultados indicaron que el acceso a las políticas de licencias en el país se ve afectado por múltiples estratificaciones sociales, y revelaron desigualdades de género, clase, raza y edad. Los hallazgos de la investigación permiten reflexionar sobre la relación entre estas desigualdades y el diseño de estas políticas en Brasil. Por su carácter contributivo, las licencias por maternidad y paternidad expresan continuidades de una ciudadanía regulada en lugar de convertirse en un derecho universal de la ciudadanía.

Acompanhamento Terapêutico e Direitos Sociais: Territórios existenciais e sujeito biopsico-político-social / Therapeutic Accompaniment and Social Rights: Existential territories and biopsico-political-social subject / Acompañamiento Terapéutico y Derechos Sociales: Territorios existenciales y sujeto biopsico-político-social

Este artigo surge da pesquisa de doutorado que teve como objetivo analisar como o exercício de Direitos Sociais (DS) incide nos processos subjetivos e terapêuticos em curso, na clínica em Psicologia, articulada às políticas públicas brasileiras. Subsidiado por registros de experiências de 28 casos clínicos em Acompanhamento Terapêutico (AT), além de documentos institucionais, registros em diário de campo, imagens, dentre outros, focaliza a discussão na relação entre o Acompanhamento Terapêutico, como modalidade da clínica, e o exercício dos Direitos Sociais. A pesquisa analisou o modo como o discurso dos DS - educação, saúde, alimentação, trabalho, moradia, transporte, lazer, segurança, previdência social, proteção à maternidade e à infância e assistência aos desamparados - emergiu nos materiais e forneceu elementos para pensar como os sujeitos produzem e conduzem a si, na vida e nos processos terapêuticos, como seres subjetivos. Mediante os resultados, em interlocução com autoras da área, propõem-se três linhas de pensamentos integrados: (1) o AT como via, em ato, de exercício do Direito Social à saúde; (2) a relação entre território, processos terapêuticos e os DS; e (3) a radicalidade da clínica do sujeito biopsico-político-social, que a prática do AT explicita.

This article arises from the doctoral research that aimed to analyze how the exercise of Social Rights (SD) affects the subjective and therapeutic processes in progress, in the Psychology clinic, linked to Brazilian public policies. Subsidized by records of experiences of 28 clinical cases in Therapeutic Accompaniment (TA), in addition to institutional documents, field diary records, images, among others, focuses the discussion on the relationship between Therapeutic Accompaniment, as a modality of the clinic, and exercise Social Rights. The research analyzed how the DS discourse - education, health, food, work, housing, transportation, leisure, security, social security, maternity and childhood protection and assistance to the destitute - emerged in the materials and provided elements to think about how the subjects produce and conduct themselves, in life and in therapeutic processes, as subjective beings. Through the results, in interlocution with authors from the area, three integrated lines of thoughts are proposed: (1) the TA as a way, in action, of exercising the Social Right to health; (2) the relationship between territory, therapeutic processes and SD; and (3) the radicality of the clinic of the biopsico-political-social subject, which the TA practice makes explicit.

Este artículo surge de la investigación doctoral que tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo el ejercicio de los Derechos Sociales (DS) afecta los procesos subjetivos y terapéuticos en progreso, en la clínica de Psicología, vinculados a las políticas públicas brasileñas. Subsidiado por registros de experiencias de 28 casos clínicos en Acompañamiento Terapéutico (AT), además de documentos institucionales, registros de diario de campo, imágenes, entre otros, enfoca la discusión sobre la relación entre el Acompañamiento Terapéutico, como una modalidad de la clínica, y el ejercicio Derechos sociales. La investigación analizó cómo el discurso de DS (educación, salud, alimentación, trabajo, vivienda, transporte, ocio, seguridad, seguridad social, protección de la maternidad y la infancia y asistencia a los indigentes) surgió en los materiales y proporcionó elementos para pensar cómo los sujetos producen y conducense, en la vida y en los procesos terapéuticos, como seres subjetivos. A través de los resultados, en la interlocución con los autores del área, son propuestas tres líneas de pensamientos integradas: (1) el AT como una forma, en acción, de ejercer el Derecho Social a la salud; (2) la relación entre territorio, procesos terapéuticos y DS; y (3) la radicalidad de la clínica del sujeto biopsico-político-social, que la práctica de TA hace explícita.

Relaciones socio-ecológicas en perspectiva Sumak Kawsay (Buen vivir): un estudio de caso del Río Fonce (San Gil Santander)* / Socio-Ecological Relations in Sumak Kawsay Perspective (Good Living): A Case Study of the Fonce River, San Gil, Santander

Resumen Reconocer que existen derechos trasgredidos, así como herramientas sólidas, alternativas y territoriales por restablecer el todo que nos rodea, hace parte de los propósitos que se tejen a partir de la cosmovisión del buen vivir (Sumak Kawsay). El presente artículo permite identificar las relaciones socio-ecológicas que los habitantes del municipio de San Gil (Santander) tienen con el Río Fonce, construidos a partir de los imaginarios colectivos, diálogos, gramáticas y lenguajes que fortalecen el sentipensar de las comunidades, así como su identidad socio-ambiental.

Abstract Recognizing that there are transgressed rights, as well as solid, alternative, and territorial tools to restore the whole around us, is part of the purposes, which are woven from the worldview of good living (Sumak Kawsay). This article allows to identify the socio-ecological relations, which the inhabitants of the municipality of San Gil, Santander have with the Fonce River. These are built on collective imaginaries, dialogues, grammars, and languages, which strengthen the feeling of communities, as well as their socio-environmental identity.

From liberal to neoliberal citizenship: A commentary on Marion Fourcade.

I argue that Marion Fourcade`s "ordinal citizenship", which is an obsession with scoring and ranking, is part of a larger change of citizenship, from liberal to neoliberal. This is a citizenship whose equality promise has been hollowed-out by the inequalities of global capitalism, and in which not only redistributive benefits (once called "social rights") but even the access to citizenship itself (qua naturalization) are tied to individual merit and performance. If T.H. Marshall had hailed the evolution of liberal citizenship, with its social rights crown, as one from "contract to status", thus reversing H.S. Maine`s famous "movement of the progressive societies", the arrival of neoliberal citizenship marks the "reverse reverse", back from status to capitalism`s original position of contract.

Copa do mundo futebol 2014 e Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 como políticas públicas de estado e de governo: equívocos inequívocos / 2014 soccer world cup and Rio 2016 Olympic Games as public policies of state and government: unequivocal mistakes

Na Copa do Mundo Futebol 2014 e Olimpíadas Rio 2016 foram investidos 66 Bilhões de Reais, grande parte em estádios e parques esportivos: o sistema jurídico brasileiro permite estes gastos? O objetivo é cotejar disposições da ordem jurídica do país sobre esporte, saúde, educação e lazer, em face da opção pelos onerosos megaeventos esportivos. Metodologicamente, é um estudo analítico-comparativo correlacionando os gastos com estádios e parques olímpicos com os principais documentos sobre os referidos direitos sociais. Como resultados, não há compatibilidade entre o ordenamento jurídico e os gastos. O país investiu equivocadamente porque o sistema jurídico brasileiro prioriza a infraestrutura de base para a saúde, educação, esporte e lazer. Os atletas e medalhistas olímpicos merecem todo respeito, mas, pela imposição jurídica, megaeventos esportivos desta magnitude não deveriam ter sido realizados no Brasil.

In the 2014 Soccer World Cup and Rio 2016 Olympics 66 Billion Reais were invested, mostly in stadiums and sports parks: does the Brazilian legal system allow these expenses? The objective is to compare provisions of the country's judicial system on sports, health, education and leisure, in view of the option for the expensive sports mega-events. Methodologically, it is an analytical-comparative study correlating the expenditures with stadiums and Olympic parks with the main documents on the referred social rights. As a result, there is no compatibility between the judicial system and spending. The country invested wrongly because the Brazilian legal system prioritizes the basic infrastructure for health, education, sport and leisure. Olympic athletes and medalists deserve all respect, but due to legal requirements, sports mega-events of this magnitude should not have been held in Brazil.

Direito social à educação no Brasil pós-1988: Programa Mais Educação e a PNAS na gestão da pobreza / Social law to education in Brazil post-1988: More Education Program and PNAS in poverty management / Derecho social a la educación en Brasil post-1988: Programa Más Educación y la PNAS en la gestión de la pobreza

O artigo versa sobre a articulação entre o Programa Mais Educação (PME) e a Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS) como via de garantia do direito social à Educação no Brasil pós-1988. Para isso, analisa a Constituição Federal de 1988, a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1996, a PNAS e o Programa Mais Educação, situando como os discursos da estatística, justiça, economia e território, que foram, nos documentos e historicamente, sendo integrados na formulação das políticas e programas de garantia do direito à Educação pós-1988. Por meio dos resultados, infere que as estratégias do Estado para o acesso universal ao direito à Educação entre o PME e PNAS, amparado sob o discurso da esfera pública como via para alteração das desigualdades sociais, possibilitaram gerir uma parcela específica da população: sujeitos carentes, pobres, vulneráveis ou em risco.

The article deals with the articulation between the More Education Program (PME) and the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS) as a way of guaranteeing social law to Education in Brazil after 1988. For this, it analyzes the jurisdiction of the Federal Constitution of 1988, the Law on Guidelines and Bases of National Education of 1996, the PNAS and the More Education Program, situating as the discourses of statistics, justice, economy and territory were, in the documents and historically, integrated into the formulation of policies and programs to guarantee the right to Education after 1988. By means of the results show that the State's strategies for universal access to the right to Education between PMEs and PNAS, supported by the discourse of the public sphere, as a way to change social inequalities, made it possible to manage a certain part of the population: poor, vulnerable or at risk.

El artículo versa sobre la articulación entre el Programa Más Educación (PME) y la Política Nacional de Asistencia Social (PNAS) como vía de garantía del derecho social a la Educación en Brasil post-1988. Para ello, analiza la Constitución Federal de 1988, de la Ley de Directrices y Bases de la Educación Nacional de 1996, de la PNAS y del Programa Más Educación, situando como los discursos de la estadística, justicia, economía y territorio fueron, en los documentos e históricamente, siendo integrados en la formulación de las políticas y programas de garantía del derecho a la Educación, después de 1988. Por medio de los resultados se desprende que las estrategias del Estado para el acceso universal al derecho a la Educación entre la PME y el PNAS, amparado bajo el discurso de la esfera pública como vía para alteración de las desigualdades sociales, posibilitaron gestionar una parte de la población: sujetos carentes, pobres, vulnerables o en riesgo.

Envelhecimento, financiamento e inovação nos sistemas de saúde: uma discussão necessária para a manutenção do direito à saúde / Aging, financing, and innovation in the health care system: a necessary discussion to maintain the right to health

Resumo Neste artigo discute-se a salvaguarda do direito à saúde, no âmbito de um conjunto de direitos constitucionais, materializados por políticas públicas que organizam o Serviço Nacional de Saúde em Portugal. Diante da degradação dos termos da oferta, frequentes vezes ancorados em uma associação que, de per se, observa o envelhecimento demográfico como condição suficiente para justificar o aumento dos custos em saúde, legitimando assim restrições na oferta. Procedemos a uma revisão da literatura na busca de fatores capazes de validar essa associação, examinando argumentos necessários à compreensão desse processo, debatendo a validade de se perspectivarem custos em saúde utilizando modelos baseados na idade versus modelos preditivos que consideram o tempo até à morte - time-to-death. Adicionalmente, analisa-se a evolução das principais causas de mortalidade em Portugal entre 1990 e 2017 para os grupos 50-59 anos e ≥70 anos, causas de incapacidade, bem como as perspectivas de financiamento público em saúde em percentagem do PIB nos países da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico até 2030, enquanto se equacionam soluções de adaptação urgente e necessária dos Sistemas de Saúde, de modo a que possam ganhar eficiência sem degradar a performance, contribuindo e investindo em uma também necessária corresponsabilização em saúde do lado da procura.

Abstract This article discusses the safeguarding of the right to health, within the scope of a set of constitutional rights, materialized by public policies that organize the National Health Service in Portugal. Before the degradation of supply terms, frequently based on an association that observes the demographic aging as enough condition to justify the increase in health costs, legitimizing consequent restrictions on the supply. We conduct a literature review to search for factors that validate this association, examining arguments to understand this process; debating the validity of prospecting health costs using age-based models versus predictive models that consider the time to death. Additionally, we analyze the evolution of the main causes of mortality in Portugal between 1990 and 2017 for the groups 50-59 years and ≥70 years, causes of disability, as well as the prospects for public health financing in the percentage of GDP in countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development by 2030, while urgent and necessary solutions for Health Systems are considered, so they can gain efficiency without degrading performance, contributing and investing in a necessary co-responsibility in health on the demand side.

Erosão orçamentário-financeira dos direitos sociais na Constituição de 1988 / Budgetary-financial erosion of social rights in the Constitution of 1988

Resumo Ao longo das três décadas de vigência da Constituição Federal, redesenhos normativos e fiscais foram introduzidos pela União nas garantias de organização federativa solidária e de custeio dos direitos sociais, a pretexto de resguardar a sustentabilidade intertemporal da dívida pública brasileira. Para equalizar a tensão entre estabilidade econômica e efetividade dos direitos sociais e sua repercussão para o processo de endividamento, foram mitigados paulatinamente os pisos de custeio da saúde e educação e o orçamento da seguridade social, os quais operavam, tanto no campo simbólico, quanto no pragmático, como uma espécie de contrapeso fiscal à necessidade de custo alegadamente ilimitado para as políticas monetária e cambial. Desvincular receitas, reduzir o escopo dos regimes de gasto mínimo e restringir o alcance interpretativo de transferências intergovernamentais equalizadoras das distorções federativas tornou-se estratégia, assumida - direta ou indiretamente - pela União desde o início da década de 1990, de estabilização macroeconômica, sobretudo, monetária. Assim tem sido empreendido um longo e ainda atual processo de desconstrução orçamentário-financeira dos direitos sociais, que restringe a identidade estrutural da CF/1988, a pretexto de consolidação fiscal cada vez mais exigente da redução do tamanho do Estado.

Abstract Throughout the three decades of the Federal Constitution, normative and fiscal redesigns were introduced by the Union in the guarantees of solidary federative organization and of social rights costing, under the pretext of safeguarding the intertemporal sustainability of the Brazilian public debt. In order to equalize the tension between economic stability and the effectiveness of social rights and their repercussion for the indebtedness process, the health and education minimum spending and the social security budget were gradually mitigated, which operated both in the symbolic field and in the pragmatic, as a kind of fiscal balance to the need for allegedly unlimited cost for monetary and cambial policies. Unlink taxes, reduce the scope of minimum spending regimes and restrict the interpretative scope of intergovernmental equalization transfers of federative distortions has become a strategy, assumed - directly or indirectly - by the Union since the early 1990s, of macroeconomic stabilization policy, above all, monetary. Thus, a long and still ongoing process of budgetary and financial deconstruction of social rights has been undertaken, which restricts the structural identity of the FC/1988, under the pretext of increasingly demanding fiscal consolidation of the reduction of the size of the state.